The Future of Genetic Research

Of course, we all want the risk of breast cancer to be eliminated quickly and completely. Medical progress will take place in both small and big steps until we get there.

Future basic science and clinical research in genetics will help us learn more about what causes breast cancer and how the risk of developing the disease can be reduced for all women. New genetic mutations will be identified in families with inherited breast cancer unrelated to the abnormal BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. New research may also show how other genes, such as the genes for the estrogen receptor, may interact with breast cancer genes to affect breast cancer risk. Research on the proteins that affect breast cell growth and the start and spread of cancer will also provide important new answers.

The risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer and the nature of the cancers that develop may depend on the particular combination of genes a woman is born with, as well as the site of the particular abnormality on the breast cancer genes. For example, one combination of genes may predict a 70% risk of developing an aggressive breast cancer before menopause. Another combination may predict a 30% risk of having a less aggressive cancer after menopause. Further study may tell us how to dramatically reduce the risk of breast cancer by repairing or replacing genes that don't work properly (or the proteins they are responsible for producing), so that cancer doesn't develop in the first place.

Better cancer protection strategies must be developed, coming from a fuller understanding of the relationship between genes, diet, and the environment. Only then will we be able to offer more specific and effective lifestyle recommendations.

All of this research also will lead to better uses of genetic information to develop more accurate and reliable predictors of cancer risk, and to improve guidelines for genetic counseling.

Until more effective methods of breast cancer protection are identified, women at high risk for breast cancer may continue to consider and choose prophylactic surgery. And as we learn more about the significance of specific sites and combinations of genetic abnormalities, recommendations for preventive surgeries may become more finely tuned to each woman's particular risk profile. Clinical studies of genetic profiles will help experts identify treatments that target an individual's unique genetic picture to yield greater benefits with fewer side effects.

Our knowledge will only grow through research and participation in clinical studies. Whenever possible, ask about clinical trials that might benefit you as well as other women. And as soon as new advances become available, you can count on Breastcancer.org to deliver the information to you. Be sure to sign up for our free e-mail updates so you get all the news as soon as it's available.